Description
CNC Machining Copper Parts , Bronze Components , Brass Accessory
Copper Products Are The General Designation Of Household And Industrial Articles Processed With Pure Copper Or Copper Alloys As The Main Raw Materials.
Material: Using Pure Copper Or Copper Alloy As Main Raw Material
Use: Household Goods, Industrial Goods
Characteristic: Toughness, Softness And Ductility
Copper Is a Tough, Soft, Ductile Purple-Red And Lustrous Metal. One Gram Of Copper Can Be Drawn Into 3000 Meters Long Filaments Or Pressed Into Nearly Transparent Copper Foil Of More Than 10 Square Meters. Pure Copper Has High Conductivity And Thermal Conductivity, Second Only To Silver, But Copper Is Much Cheaper Than Silver.
CNC Machining Copper Alloys Bronze Brass Parts
Electrical Industry
Electric Power Transmission
High Conductivity Copper Is Consumed In Power Transmission. It Is Mainly Used In Power Wires And Cables, Bus, Transformers, Switches, Connectors And Connectors.
In The Transmission Process Of Wire And Cable, Electric Energy Is Wasted Because Of Resistance Heating. From The Point Of View Of Energy Saving And Economy, The “Best Cable Section” Standard Is Being Popularized In The World. In Order To Minimize The Cross-Section Of The Cable, The Minimum Allowable Size Of The Cable Should Be Determined Under The Rated Current Required By The Design Without Dangerous Overheating. Although The Installation Cost Of The Cable Laid According To This Standard Is Low, The Resistance Energy Consumption Is Relatively Large In The Long-Term Use Process. The Standard Of “Optimum Cable Section” Takes Into Account The Two Factors Of Installation Cost And Energy Consumption, And Enlarges The Size Of Cable Appropriately, So As To Achieve The Goal Of Energy Saving And Optimum Comprehensive Economic Benefit. According To The New Standard, The Cross Section Of Cable Is Often More Than Twice As Large As The Old Standard, Which Can Achieve About 50% Energy-Saving Effect.
In The Past Period Of Time, Because Of The Shortage Of Steel Supply And Demand, Considering That The Proportion Of Aluminium Is Only 30% Of Copper, The Measures Of Replacing Copper With Aluminium Have Been Taken In Overhead High Voltage Transmission Lines In The Hope Of Reducing Weight. Underground Cable. In This Case, Compared With Copper, Aluminum Has The Shortcomings Of Poor Conductivity And Larger Cable Size, Which Is Dwarfed.
For The Same Reason, It Is Also a Wise Choice To Replace The Old Aluminum Winding Transformer With Energy-Saving And Efficient Copper Winding Transformer.
Motor Manufacturing
Copper Alloys With High Conductivity And Strength Are Widely Used In Electric Machine Manufacturing. The Main Copper Parts Are Stator, Rotor And Shaft Head. In Large-Scale Motors, The Windings Are Cooled By Water Or Hydrogen, Which Is Called Double-Water Internal Cooling Or Hydrogen Cooling Motor. This Requires a Large Length Of Hollow Conductor.
Electric Motors Are The Main Users Of Electricity, Accounting For About 60% Of The Total Power Supply. The Cumulative Electricity Charge For a Motor Is Very High. Generally, The Cost Of The Motor Is Easily Reached Within 500 Hours Of Initial Operation, Which Is Equivalent To 4-16 Times Of The Cost In One Year, And Can Reach 200 Times Of The Cost During The Whole Working Life. a Small Increase In Motor Efficiency Can Not Only Save Energy, But Also Achieve Significant Economic Benefits. The Development And Application Of Efficient Motors Is a Hot Topic In The World. Because The Internal Energy Consumption Of The Motor Mainly Comes From The Resistance Loss Of The Winding, Therefore, Increasing The Cross Section Of Copper Wire Is a Key Measure For The Development Of Efficient Motors. Compared With Some High Efficiency Motors Developed First, The Usage Of Copper Windings Increases By 25-100%. The u.s. Department Of Energy Is Funding a Development Project To Produce Motor Rotors Using Copper Casting Technology.
Communication Cable
Since The 1980s, Because Of The Advantages Of Large Current Carrying Capacity Of Optical Fiber Cables, Copper Cables Have Been Continuously Replaced In The Trunk Lines Of Communication, And They Have Been Rapidly Popularized And Applied. However, a Large Amount Of Copper Is Still Needed To Convert Electrical Energy Into Light Energy And Input Lines To Users. With The Development Of Communication, People Rely More And More On Communication, And The Demand For Fiber Optic Cables And Copper Wires Will Continue To Increase.
Residential Electrical Circuit
With The Improvement Of People’s Living Standards And The Rapid Popularization Of Household Appliances, Residential Electricity Load Has Increased Rapidly. As Shown In Figure 6.6, Residential Electricity Consumption In 1987 Was 26.96 Billion Degrees (1 Degree = 1 Kilowatt? Hour), Which Soared To 113.1 Billion Degrees In 1996 10 Years Later, An Increase Of 3.2 Times. Nevertheless, There Is Still a Big Gap Compared With Developed Countries. For Example, In 1995, The Per Capita Electricity Consumption Of The United States Was 14.6 Times That Of China And That Of Japan Was 8.6 Times That Of China. China’s Residential Electricity Consumption Will Still Have a Great Development In The Future. From 1996 To 2005, It Is Expected To Increase By 1.4 Times.
Electronics Industry
Electronics Industry Is a New Industry. In The Process Of Its Growing Development, New Products And New Application Fields Of Steel Are Constantly Developed. Its Application Has Developed From Electrovacuum Devices And Printed Circuits To Microelectronics And Semiconductor Integrated Circuits.
Electric Vacuum Devices
Electro-Vacuum Devices Are Mainly High-Frequency And Ultra-High-Frequency Emitters, Waveguides, Magnetrons And So On. They Need High Purity Oxygen-Free Copper And Dispersion-Enhanced Oxygen-Free Copper.
Printed Circuit
Copper Printed Circuit Is To Use Copper Foil As The Surface And Paste It On The Plastic Plate As The Support. The Circuit Wiring Is Printed On The Copper Plate By Photographic Method. The Redundant Parts Are Removed By Etching And The Interconnected Circuits Are Left Behind. Then, Punch Holes In The Connection Between The Printed Circuit Board And The Outside, Insert The Terminals Of The Discrete Components Or Other Parts, And Weld Them On The Outlet, So That a Complete Circuit Is Assembled. If Dipping Method Is Used, All Joints Can Be Welded At One Time. In This Way, The Use Of Printed Circuit Can Save a Lot Of Wiring And Fixed Circuit Labor For Those Occasions That Require Fine Circuit Layout, Such As Radio, Television, Computer, Etc. Therefore, It Is Widely Used And Needs To Consume a Large Amount Of Copper Foil. In Addition, All Kinds Of Copper-Based Brazing Materials With Low Price, Low Melting Point And Good Fluidity Are Needed In The Connection Of Circuits.
Integrated Circuit
The Core Of Microelectronics Technology Is Integrated Circuit. Integrated Circuit Refers To a Miniaturized Circuit Which Uses Semiconductor Crystal Material As The Substrate (Chip) And Uses Special Technology To Integrate The Components And Interconnects Of The Circuit Into The Chip, Surface Or On The Substrate. This Microcircuit Is Thousands Of Times Smaller In Size And Weight Than The Most Compact Discrete Component Circuit In Structure. Its Emergence Has Caused Great Changes In Computers And Become The Basis Of Modern Information Technology. The Number Of Transistors That Have Been Developed In Vlsi Has Reached 100,000 Or More In The Area Of a Single Chip Smaller Than The Nail. Ibm, a Famous International Computer Company, Has Made Breakthroughs By Using Copper Instead Of Aluminium In Silicon Chips As Interconnects. This New Type Of Copper Microchip Can Achieve 30% Efficiency Gain. The Size Of The Circuit Can Be Reduced To 0.12 Micron. The Number Of Transistors Integrated On a Single Chip Can Reach 2 Million. This Opens Up a New Prospect For The Application Of The Ancient Copper In The Latest Technology Field Of Semiconductor Integrated Circuits.
Lead Frame
In Order To Protect The Normal Operation Of Integrated Circuits Or Hybrid Circuits, It Is Necessary To Package Them, And When Encapsulating, a Large Number Of Joints In The Circuit Are Drawn From The Sealed Body. These Leads Require Certain Strength, And Constitute The Supporting Framework Of The Integrated Packaging Circuit, Which Is Called The Lead Frame. In Actual Production, In Order To Achieve High-Speed Mass Production, The Lead Frame Is Usually Punched Continuously In a Specific Arrangement On a Metal Strip. Frame Materials Account For 1/3 To 1/4 Of The Total Cost Of Integrated Circuits, And They Are Used In a Large Amount; Therefore, Low Cost Is Necessary.
Copper Alloy Has Low Price, High Strength, Electrical Conductivity And Thermal Conductivity, Excellent Workability, Needle Weldability And Corrosion Resistance. Its Properties Can Be Controlled In a Wide Range By Alloying, Which Can Better Meet The Performance Requirements Of Lead Frame. It Has Become An Important Material For Lead Frame. It Is The Most Widely Used Material Of Copper In Microelectronic Devices.
Transportation Industry
Ship
Due To Its Excellent Seawater Corrosion Resistance, Many Copper Alloys, Such As Aluminium Bronze, Manganese Bronze, Aluminium Brass, Gun Copper (Tin-Zinc Bronze), White Steel And Nickel-Copper Alloy (Monel Alloy) Have Become Standard Materials For Shipbuilding. Generally, Copper And Copper Alloys Account For 2-3% Of The Weight Of Warships And Merchant Ships.
The Propellers Of Warships And Most Large Merchant Ships Are Made Of Aluminium Bronze Or Brass. The Ship’s Propeller Weighs 20-25 Tons Each. The Propellers Of Queen Elizabeth And Queen Mary Weigh 35 Tons Each. The Heavy Stern Shafts Of Large Ships Are Usually Made Of “Admiral” Gun Copper, And The Conical Bolts Of Rudders And Propellers Are Made Of The Same Material. Steel And Copper Alloys Are Also Widely Used In Engines And Boiler Rooms. The World’s First Nuclear-Powered Merchant Ship Uses 30 Tons Of Copper Condensate Tubes. Aluminum Brass Tubes Are Used As Large Heating Coils For Oil Tanks. There Are 12 Such Tanks On a 100,000-Ton Ship. The Corresponding Heating System Is Quite Large. The Ship’s Electrical Equipment Is Also Very Complex. Engines, Motors, Communication Systems And So On Almost Rely Entirely On Copper And Copper Alloys To Work. The Cabins Of Large And Small Ships Are Often Decorated With Steel And Copper Alloys. Even Wooden Boats Are Best Fixed With Bolts And Nails (Usually Silicon Bronze) That Can Be Rolled Out In Large Quantities.
In Order To Prevent The Ship Hull From Being Polluted By Marine Organisms, Copper Coating Is Often Used To Protect The Ship Hull, Or Copper Paint Brushing Is Used To Solve The Problem.
During World War Ii, In Order To Prevent The Attack Of German Magnetic Mines On Ships, a Diamagnetic Mine Device Was Developed. a Copper Band Was Attached Around The Steel Hull And Current Was Applied To Neutralize The Magnetic Field Of The Ship, So That The Mine Could Not Be Detonated. Since 1944, All Allied Ships, About 18,000 In Total, Have Been Protected By This Demagnetization Device. Some Large Main Ships Use a Lot Of Copper For This Purpose, For Example, One Of Them Is 28 Miles Long And Weighs About 30 Tons.
Automobile
Copper For Automobiles Is 10-2i Kilograms Per Car, Which Varies With The Type And Size Of The Car. For Cars, It Accounts For About 6-9% Of The Weight Of The Car. Copper And Copper Alloys Are Mainly Used In Radiators, Brake System Pipes, Hydraulic Devices, Gears, Bearings, Brake Friction Pads, Distribution And Power Systems, Washers And Various Joints, Accessories And Accessories. Among Them, The Radiator Is The One That Uses More Steel. Modern Tube-And-Belt Radiators Use Brass Bands To Weld Radiator Tubes And Thin Copper Bands To Bend Into Radiators.
In Order To Further Improve The Performance Of Copper Radiator And Enhance Its Competitiveness To Aluminium Radiator, Many Improvements Have Been Made. In Terms Of Material Quality, Trace Elements Are Added To Copper To Increase Its Strength And Softening Point Without Loss Of Thermal Conductivity, Thereby Reducing The Thickness Of Strip And Saving Steel Consumption. In Terms Of Manufacturing Technology, Copper Pipes Are Welded By High Frequency Or Laser, And Steel Brazing Is Used Instead Of Soft Soldering To Assemble Radiator Cores Which Are Vulnerable To Lead Pollution. 。 The Results Of These Efforts Are Shown In Table 6.2. Compared With Brazed Aluminium Radiators, Under The Same Heat Dissipation Conditions, i.e. Under The Same Pressure Drop Of Air And Coolant, The New Copper Radiators Have Lighter Weight And Smaller Size. Moreover, The Advantages Of Copper Radiators Are More Obvious Due To The Good Corrosion Resistance And Long Service Life Of Steel. In Addition, In Order To Protect The Environment And Vigorously Promote And Develop Electric Vehicles, The Steel Consumption Of Each Vehicle Will Be Doubled.
Railway
Railway Electrification Requires a Lot Of Copper And Copper Alloys. More Than 2 Tons Of Special-Shaped Copper Wire Are Needed For Overhead Conductors Per Kilometer. In Order To Improve Its Strength, a Small Amount Of Copper (About 1%) Or Silver (About Of%) Is Often Added. In Addition, The Motor, Rectifier, Control, Braking, Electrical And Signal Systems On The Train Rely On Copper And Copper Alloys To Work.
Aircraft
Copper Is Also Indispensable For Aircraft To Navigate. For Example, Copper Is Used For Wiring, Hydraulic, Cooling And Pneumatic Systems In Aircraft, Aluminium Bronze Tubes Are Used For Bearing Holders And Landing Gear Bearings, Anti-Magnetic Devices Are Used For Navigation Instruments, And Copper-Broken Elastic Elements Are Used In Many Instruments.
Light Industry
Light Industrial Products Are Closely Related To People’s Lives, With a Wide Variety Of Products. Because Copper Has Good Comprehensive Properties, It Can Be Seen Everywhere. For Example:
Air Conditioners And Refrigerators
The Temperature Control Of Air Conditioners And Refrigerators Is Mainly Realized By The Evaporation And Condensation Of Copper Tubes In Heat Exchangers. The Size And Heat Transfer Performance Of Heat Exchange Heat Transfer Tubes Largely Determine The Efficiency And Miniaturization Of The Whole Air Conditioner And Refrigeration Device. The Special-Shaped Copper Tubes With High Thermal Conductivity Are Used In These Machines. The Heat Exchanger With Inner Groove And High Fin Is Developed And Manufactured By Utilizing The Good Processing Performance Of Steel. It Can Be Used To Manufacture Heat Exchangers In Air Conditioners, Refrigerators, Chemical Industry And Waste Heat Outlet Collection Devices. The Total Heat Transfer Coefficient Of The New Heat Exchanger Can Be Increased To 2-3 Times Of That Of The Ordinary Tube And 1.2-1.3 Times Of That Of The Ordinary Low Fin Tube. It Can Save 40% Of Copper And Reduce The Volume Of Heat Exchanger By More Than One Third.
Clocks And Watches
Clocks, Timers And Devices With Clock Mechanisms Are Manufactured. Most Of The Working Parts Are Made Of “Clock Brass”. The Alloy Contains 1.5-2% Lead, Which Has Good Processability And Is Suitable For Large-Scale Production. For Example, Gears Are Cut Out Of Long Extruded Brass Bars, Flat Wheels Are Punched Out Of Strips Of Corresponding Thickness, Brass Or Other Copper Alloys Are Used To Make Carved Bell Surfaces, Screws And Joints, Etc. Large Quantities Of Cheap Watches Are Made Of Gun Copper (Tin-Zinc Bronze) Or Plated With Nickel-Silver (White Copper). Some Famous Bells Are Made Of Steel And Copper Alloy. The British “Big Ben” Hour Hand Uses a Solid Gun Copper Rod And The Minute Needle Uses a 14-Foot Copper Tube.
a Modern Watch Factory, With Copper Alloy As Its Main Material, Can Produce 10,000 To 30,000 Clocks And Watches Every Day With Press And Precise Die Processing, At a Very Low Cost.
Papermaking
In Today’s Information-Changing Society, Paper Consumption Is Very Large. The Surface Of Paper Seems Simple, But The Process Of Paper Making Is Very Complex, Which Requires Many Steps And Many Machines, Including Coolers, Evaporators, Beaters, Paper Machines And So On. Many Of The Components, Such As Heat Exchange Tubes, Rollers, Batters, Semi-Liquid Pumps And Wire Meshes, Are Made Of Steel Alloys.
For Example, a Long-Screen Paper Machine Is Used To Spray The Pulp Onto a Fast-Moving Mesh With Small Meshes (40-60 Meshes). The Mesh Is Woven Of Brass And Phosphorus Bronze Wires. It Has a Wide Width, Usually More Than 20 Feet (6 Meters), Requiring Complete Straightness. The Mesh Moves On a Series Of Small Brass Or Copper Rollers, And When Pulp Sprayed On It Passes Through, Moisture Is Sucked Out From Below. The Net Vibrates At The Same Time To Bond The Small Fibers In The Pulp. Large Paper Machines Have Large Mesh Sizes, Up To 26 Feet 8 Inches Wide (8.1 Meters) And 100 Feet Long (30.5 Meters). Wet Pulp Not Only Contains Water, But Also Contains Chemicals Used In Papermaking Process, Which Is Highly Corrosive. In Order To Ensure The Quality Of Paper, The Requirements For The Fabric Materials Are Very Strict, Not Only With High Strength And Elasticity, But Also With Pulp Corrosion Resistance, Copper Alloy Can Be Fully Qualified.
Printing
Copper Plate Is Used For Photogrammetry In Printing. The Polished Copperplate Is Sensitized By a Photosensitive Latex And Photographed On It. The Photosensitive Copper Plate Needs To Be Heated To Harden The Glue. In Order To Avoid Heating And Softening, Copper Often Contains a Small Amount Of Silver Or Arsenic To Increase The Softening Temperature. Then, The Plate Is Corroded To Form a Printed Surface With Concave And Convex Sub-Patterns.
In Automatic Typesetting Machine, It Is Necessary To Make Typesetting By Arranging Brass Blocks, Which Is Another Important Use Of Copper In Printing. Type Blocks Are Usually Made Of Lead-Containing Brass And Sometimes Of Copper Or Bronze.
Medicine
In The Pharmaceutical Industry, All Kinds Of Steaming, Boiling And Vacuum Devices Are Made Of Pure Copper. Zinc White Copper Is Widely Used In Medical Instruments. Copper Alloy Or Common Material For Spectacle Frames, Etc.
Construction Business
Compared With Galvanized Steel Pipe And Plastic Pipe, r Copper Pipe Has Many Advantages, Such As Beautiful And Durable, Convenient Installation, Safety And Fire Protection, Health Care And So On. In Residential And Public Buildings, Sprinkler Systems For Water Supply, Heating, Gas Supply And Fire Prevention Are Increasingly Popular And Become The Preferred Materials At Present. In Developed Countries, Copper Water Supply System Has Taken Up a Large Proportion. The Manhattan Tower, The Sixth Tallest Building In The World In New York, Usa, Uses 60,000 Feet (1 Kilometer) Of Copper Pipe For Only One Water Supply System. In Europe, The Consumption Of Steel Pipes For Drinking Water Is Very High. The Average Consumption Of Copper Pipes For Drinking Water In Britain Is 1.6 Kilograms Per Person Per Year, Compared With 0.2 Kilograms In Japan. Because Galvanized Steel Pipe Is Easy To Rust, Many Countries Have Explicitly Banned It. Hong Kong Banned Use As Early As January 1996, And Shanghai Banned Use As Early As May 1998. It Is Imperative To Promote The Use Of Copper Pipeline System In Housing Construction In China.
Space Flight
Recently, Some Materials With Higher Critical Temperature Have Been Found, Which Are Called “High Temperature Superconducting Materials”. Most Of Them Are Composite Oxides. a Copper-Based Oxide Containing Lead (Yb2 Cu3 o7) Was Discovered And Compared Earlier. Its Critical Temperature Is 90k, And It Can Work At Liquid Nitrogen Temperature. However, Materials With Critical Temperatures Near Room Temperature Have Not Yet Been Obtained; Moreover, These Materials Are Difficult To Make Bulky Objects, And Their Current Density Through Which Superconductivity Can Be Maintained Is Not High Enough. Therefore, It Has Not Been Applied In The Case Of Strong Electricity, And Needs Further Research And Development.
In Space Technology, Rockets, Satellites And Space Shuttles, Besides Microelectronic Control Systems, Instruments And Instruments, Copper And Copper Alloys Are Also Used In Many Key Components. For Example, The Interior Of The Combustion Chamber And Thrust Chamber Of a Rocket Engine Can Be Cooled By The Excellent Thermal Conductivity Of Steel To Keep The Temperature Within The Allowable Range. The Combustion Chamber Lining Of The Ariana 5 Rocket Is Made Of Copper, Silver And Gold. 360 Cooling Channels Are Processed In The Lining. When The Rocket Is Launched, Liquid Hydrogen Is Introduced To Cool It.
In Addition, Copper Alloys Are Also Standard Materials For Carrying Components In Satellite Structures. Solar Wing Panels On Satellites Are Usually Made Of Alloys Of Copper And Several Other Elements.
Copper Alloys Belong To Metal Materials.
