CNC Machining Forged Steel Parts
Forged Steel Is a Kind Of Processing Method Which Uses Forging Machine To Exert Pressure On Billet To Produce Plastic Deformation To Obtain Forgings With Certain Mechanical Properties, Shape And Size.
Forging Steel (Forging And Stamping) Is One Of The Two Major Components. Forging Can Eliminate As-Cast Looseness And Other Defects In Metal Smelting Process, And Optimize The Micro-Structure. At The Same Time, The Mechanical Properties Of Forgings Are Generally Better Than Those Of Casting Steel Of The Same Material Because Of The Preservation Of Complete Metal Streamlines.
Forgings Are Often Used For Important Parts With High Load And Severe Working Conditions In Related Machinery, Except For Simple Rolled Plates, Profiles Or Weldments.
Deformation Temperature
The Initial Recrystallization Temperature Of Steel Is About 727 Degrees Celsius, But 800 Degrees Celsius Is Generally Used As The Dividing Line.
Hot Forging Steel Is More Than 800 Degrees Celsius.
Warm Forging Steel Or Semi-Hot Forging Steel Between 300 And 800 Degrees Celsius.
Cold Forging Steel is Forging At Room Temperature.
Forging Used In Most Industries Is Hot Forging.
Warm Forging And Cold Forging Are Mainly Used In The Forging Of Automobile, General Machinery And Other Parts. Warm Forging And Cold Forging Can Save Material Effectively.
According To The Forming Mechanism, Forged Steel Can Be Divided Into Forged Steel, Die Forged Steel, Ring Rolling Steel And Special Forged Steel.
1, Free Forging Steel : Refers to the use of simple general tools. External force is applied directly to the blank between the upper anvil and the lower anvil of forging equipment. A method of processing forgings that deform the billet to obtain the required geometric shape and internal quality.
The Forgings Produced By Free Forging Method Are Called Free Forgings. Free Forging Is Mainly Used To Produce Forgings With Small Batches. Forging Equipments Such As Hammer And Hydraulic Press Are Used To Process The Blanks, And Qualified Forgings Are Obtained.
The Basic Processes Of Free Forging Include Upsetting, Drawing, Punching, Cutting, Bending, Torsion, Offset And Forging. Free Forging Is Hot Forging.
2, Die Forging Steel: Die Forging Also Named Mould Forging. Die Forging Is Divided Into Open Die Forging And Closed Die Forging. Metal Blanks Are Compressed And Deformed In a Certain Shape Of The Forging Die Chamber To Obtain Forgings. Die Forging Is Generally Used To Produce Parts With Small Weight And Large Quantity Batches.
Die Forging Can Be Divided Into Hot Die Forging , Warm Die Forging And Cold Die Forging. Warm Forging And Cold Forging Are The Future Development Direction Of Die Forging, And Also Represent The Level Of Forging Technology.
According To The Material, Die Forging Can Also Be Divided Into Ferrous Metal Die Forging, Non-Ferrous Metal Die Forging And Powder Forming Die Forging. As The Name Implies, The Materials Are Ferrous Metals Such As Carbon Steel , Alloy Steel , Stainless Steel, Non-Ferrous Metals Such As Copper And Aluminum, And Powder Metallurgical Materials.
Extrusion Forged Steel Belongs To Die Forging, Which Can Be Divided Into Heavy Metal Extrusion Forging And Light Metal Extrusion Forging.
Closed Die Forging And Closed Upsetting Forging Are Two Advanced Processes Of Die Forging. Because There Is No Flying Edge, The Utilization Rate Of Materials Is High. It Is Possible To Finish Complex Forgings With One Or More Processes.
Because There Is No Flying Edge, The Force Area Of Forgings Decreases And The Load Required Decreases. However, It Should Be Noted That The Blank Can Not Be Completely Limited. Therefore, The Volume Of The Blank Should Be Strictly Controlled, The Relative Position Of The Forging Die Should Be Controlled And The Forgings Should Be Measured, So As To Reduce The Wear Of The Forging Die.
3, Rolling Ring Steel Forged. Ring Rolling Steel Refers To The Production Of Ring Parts With Different Diameters By Special Equipment Ring Rolling Machine. It Is Also Used To Produce Forged Steel Wheel Parts Such As Automobile Hub And Train Wheel.
4, Special ForgingSteel. Special Forging Includes Roll ForgingSteel , Cross Wedge Rolling Forged Steel , Radial Forging Steel , Liquid Forging Steel And Other Forging Methods, Which Are More Suitable For The Production Of Parts With Special Shapes.
Roll Forging : Can Be Used As An Effective Pre-Forming Process, Which Can Greatly Reduce The Subsequent Forming Pressure.
Cross Wedge Rolling : Can Produce Steel Ball, Transmission Shaft And Other Parts.
Radial Forging : Can Produce Large Barrels And Stepped Shafts.
Forging Die Steel
According To The Movement Mode Of Forging Die, Forging Can Be Divided Into Rotary Forging Steel , Roll Forging Steel, Cross Wedge Rolling Steel , Ring Rolling Steel And Cross Rolling Steel .
Rotary Forging And Ring Forging Can Also Be Used For Precision Forging.
In Order To Improve The Utilization Rate Of Materials, Roll Forging And Cross Rolling Can Be Used As The Preceding Process Of Slender Shaft Or Other Slender Parts.
Rotary Forging, Like Free Forging, Is Also Locally Formed. Its Advantage Is That Compared With The Size Of Forgings, It Can Also Be Formed With Less Forging Force.
This Forging Method, Including Free Forging, Expands The Material From Near The Die Surface To The Free Surface During Processing, So It Is Difficult To Guarantee The Accuracy. Therefore, The Movement Direction Of The Forging Die And The Rotary Forging Process Can Be Controlled By Computer, And The Products With Complex Shape And High Precision Can Be Obtained With Lower Forging Force, Such As The Production Of Many Varieties And Sizes. Large Steam Turbine Blades And Other Forgings.
The Die Movement Of Forging Equipment Is Not Consistent With The Degree Of Freedom. According To The Characteristics Of Deformation Limitation At Lower Dead Point, Forging Equipment Can Be Divided Into The Following Four Forms:
1, Form Of Limiting Forging Force: Hydraulic Press Which Directly Drives Slider.
2, Quasi-Stroke Limit Mode: Hydraulic Press With Hydraulic Drive Crank-Connecting Rod Mechanism.
3, Stroke Limitation Mode: Mechanical Press Driven By Crank, Connecting Rod And Wedge Mechanism.
4, Energy Limitation: Screw And Friction Press With Screw Mechanism.
In Order To Obtain High Accuracy, Attention Should Be Paid To Preventing Dead-Point Overload, Controlling Speed And Die Position.
Because These Will Have An Impact On Forging Tolerance, Shape Accuracy And Die Life. In Addition, In Order To Maintain Accuracy, Attention Should Also Be Paid To Adjusting The Clearance Of Slider Guide Rail, Ensuring Stiffness, Adjusting The Lower Dead Point And Utilizing Subsidized Transmission Device.
Slider Forging
There Are Also Vertical And Horizontal Movements Of Sliders (For Forging Of Slender Parts , Lubrication Cooling And Forging Of Parts In High-Speed Production), Which Can Be Increased In Other Directions By Means Of Compensation Devices.
The Forging Force, Process, Material Utilization, Output, Dimension Tolerance And Lubrication And Cooling Methods Are Different. These Factors Also Affect The Level Of Automation.
